Дослідження енергоємності процесу очищення зерна на зерноочисних машинах

Abstract

UK: Дослідження в технологічних процесах очищення та зберігання зернових культур енергетичного фактора та параметрів, які його визначають, представляє проблему, яка має важливе народногосподарське значення. Для розрахунку енергоємності процесу очищення зерна запропонована питома технологічна витрата електроенергії у кВт·год./т. Цей показник варто вважати найбільш об'єктивним критерієм економічної роботи потокової лінії очищення та зберігання зерна.Вперше отримано рівняння енергетичної характеристики зерноочисних машин з урахуванням їх конструктивних особливостей, культури зерна, вологості і засміченості. RU: Исследование в технологических процессах очистки и хранения зерновых культур энергетического фактора и параметров, которые его определяют, представляет проблему, которая имеет важное народнохозяйственное значение. Для расчета энергоемкости процесса очистки зерна предложен удельный технологический расход электроэнергии в кВт·ч/т. Этот показатель следует считать наиболее объективным критерием экономичной работы поточной линии очистки и хранения зерна. Впервые получены уравнения энергетической характеристики зерноочистительных машин с учетом их конструктивных особенностей, культуры зерна, влажности и засоренности. EN: Studies in the technological processes of cleaning and storing grain crops of the energy factor and the parameters that determine it represent a problem that is important for the national economy. It is established that the waste-wasting of electric energy in technological processes of cleaning and storage of grain per unit of production is 2-3 times higher than similar ex-penses in the developed countries. To calculate the energy intensity of the grain cleaning process, the specific technological consumption of electrici-ty in kWh/t is proposed. This indicator should be considered the most ob-jective criterion of the economic operation of the flow line of grain clean-ing and storage. For the first time the equation of energy characterization of grain cleaning machines was obtained taking into account their structural features, grain culture, humidity and litter. Studies in the technological processes of cleaning and storing grain crops of the energy factor and the parameters that determine it represent a problem that is important for the national economy. It is known that 1 unit of saved energy can save at least 5 units of primary energy resources. It is established that the cost of electric energy in technological pro-cesses of cleaning and storage of grain per unit of production is 2-3 times higher than the analogical costs in the developed countries. To calculate the energy intensity of the grain purification process, the proposed technological cost of electricity in kWh/t, which is a waste of electricity for the purpose of cleaning 1 ton of grain per hour, is proposed. This time-out should be considered the most objective criterion of econom-ic activity of the flow-line of purification and storage of grain. It was investigated that the average productivity of grain cleaning machines with a grain moisture increase of 1% is reduced by 0,5 t/h. It has been established that with an increase in the grain litter by 1%, the energy intensity increases by an average of 0,1 kWh/t as a result of lowering the productivity of the grain cleaning machine. It was investigated that with an increase in the moisture content of grain by 1%, the energy intensity is in-creased by an average of 0,2 kWh/t.For the first time the equation of the energy characteristics of grain cleaning machines was obtained taking into account their structural features, grain culture, moisture and litter. The carried out researches have practical value, as they are the basis for development of scientifically-based norms of electric consumption of technological process of grain cleaning. This will save 8-10% of electricity.