Effective sifting of flat seeds through sieve

Abstract

EN: The paper presents the methods and technical means to improve the efficiency of grain cleaning machines. The object of research is the process of sifting grain mixtures on sieves that implement the separation of components by size. The experience of using sieves with rectangular holes in the cleaning and sizing of grain mixtures of corn, pumpkin and other crops, where the separation is carried out according to the thickness, shows their low efficiency due to the flat forms of the latter. In the technological process of grain cleaning machines work, flat grains fall on a larger plane on the sieve. This greatly reduces the likelihood of their separation by thickness. To improve the efficiency of sieving grain mixtures with flat seeds, sieves with size activators, which have a riffle appearance, were proposed. Activators lift flat grains and orient them into the holes by their thickness. The grain mixture moving along the sieve is affected by activators and is divided into components. In order to determine the optimal parameters of activators, mathematical modeling and experimental studies were carried out. The movement of a flowing fluid mixture of pseudo-liquefied grain mixtures is considered as the dynamics of a bubbly liquid. This made it possible to obtain the velocity field of the grain mixture and the dependence of the performance of the sieves on their structural kinematic parameters. The obtained research results are universal and can be used to improve the efficiency of sieve sifting of agricultural crops grain mixtures on various grain cleaning machines. RU: В работе приведены методика и технические средства для повышения эффективности работы зерноочистительных машин. Объектом исследований являются процессы просеивания зерновых смесей на решетах, которые реализуют разделения компонентов по размерам. Опыт использования решет с прямоугольными отверстиями при очистке и калибровке зерновых смесей кукурузы, тыквы и др. культур, где разделение происходит по толщине, показывает их низкую эффективность из-за плоских форм последних. В технологическом процессе работы зерноочистительных машин плоские зерна ложатся большей плоскостью на решето. Это значительно уменьшает вероятность их разделения по толщине.