Дослідження процесу випарювання води з касторової олії в електричному полі

Abstract

UK: Представлені результати експериментальних досліджень процесу випарювання води з емульсії «вода в рициновій олії» в електричному полі. Обґрунтовано величини напруги на електродах при різному вмісті води в олії для забезпечення утворення парогазових бульбашок. Розглянуто процес пароутворення, який полягає у виникненні парогазових бульбашок на циліндричних електродах, що дає змогу не тільки видаляти воду з олії, але й використовувати бульбашки для флотаційного очищення рицинової олії. RU: Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований процесса испарения воды из эмульсии «вода в рапсовом масле» в электрическом поле. Обосновано величины напряжений на электродах при разном содержании води в масле для обеспечения образования парогазовых пузырей. Рассмотрен процесс парообразования, который заключается в возникновении парогазовых пузырьков на цилиндрических электродах, что дает возможность не только выделять воду из масла, но и использовать пузырьки для флотационной очистки касторового масла. EN: Setting objectives. Ricinus oil is a valuable product that is used in the perfume industry, medicine, and electrical engineering. Its quality is primarily determined by the presence of residues of unpolluted impurities and water in it. One of the operations of the cleaning technology of castor oil is the addition to the oil of water for the purpose of hydration of phosphatides, proteins and other organic substances that are in colloidal state for subsequent extraction by mechanical or other methods. Particular difficulty is the removal of moisture after hydration. The moisture residues significantly reduce the organoleptic characteristics of the oil, and the main thing is its dielectric properties. Therefore, effective cleaning of castor oil from plant impurities and water is important as an economic and scientific problem. Research results. On the basis of experiments, we obtained dependences of the voltage on the electrodes, at which the evaporation of water begins with the appearance of vapor-gas bubbles on the electrodes from the temperature of the emulsion at a different content of water in the oil. Analysis of the obtained dependencies showed that the voltage of the onset of bubbles decreases with increasing temperature. With an increase in the water content in the oil, the voltage increases, which can be explained by higher energy expenditure on evaporation. Reducing the voltage for untreated oil is explained by the higher electrical conductivity of the crude oil and, consequently, by the higher Joule heat output when the current passes. The formation of vapor-gas bubbles on the surface of the electrodes is explained by the highest current density near the electrode and the corresponding specific heat dissipation, which leads to the local heating of the emulsion to the temperature of boiling water droplets. Conclusions. 1. The results of experimental studies allow to determine the technological parameters of the vaporization process in the emulsion "water in oil", in particular, the voltage at which the process of steam evolution on the electrodes at various temperatures and water content begins. 2. The process of steam formation consists in the emergence of vapor-gas bubbles on cylindrical electrodes, which allows not only to remove water from oil, but also to use bubbles for flotation cleaning of castor oil.