Зовнішня торгівля України товарами і послугами та перспективи її розвитку

Abstract

UK: В статті виявлено об’єктивну необхідність дослідження зовнішньої торгівлі України. Проаналізовано основні показники, що характеризують стан зовнішньої торгівлі країни. Охарактеризовано вартісні та фізичні обсяги експорту та імпорту товарів та послуг. Визначено головні причини екстенсивного розвитку зовнішньоторговельних процесів в Україні. Виявлено перспективні напрями стимулювання експортноорієнтованого виробництва та зменшення рівня імпортозалежності в Україні. EN: In the international economy an important subject of study is the foreign trade and export-import opera-tions. In article the objective need for the study of Ukrainian foreign trade has been revealed. The geographical and commodity structure characterize the world trade largely. The world trade is a ratio of product groups in world exports (imports). Export is the realization of production by Ukrainian foreign trade activities subjects to foreign economic activity subjects with or without exportation through the customs border of Ukraine. Products import is the purchase of goods by national economy subjects in foreign economic activity subjects, with or without importation of goods into in our country including the purchase of goods for personal use by foreign institutions and organizations. The analysis of the export and import commodity structure of agricultural and food products showed that Ukraine is an active world agro-food market participant. It sells and buys raw materials and finished food products from foreign competitors. Many factors determine the volume and ratio of purchased and sold on the world market products. The main foreign trade indicators of the country have beenanalyzed. Value and physical volumes of exports and imports of goods and services have been characterized. The main reasons for the extensive development of foreign trade processes in Ukraine have been determined. Promising areas of export production stimulation and reduction of import dependence in Ukraine have been detected. Ukrainian businesses have the opportunity to increase sales volumes in the products global market if there will be a mechanism to reduce production costs and sale export products costs. At the same time the using of innovative development of export potential for national businesses is a prerequisite for increase and improving export and import com-modity structure.