Аналіз сучасного стану ресурсів мисливських господарств України

Abstract

UA: Досліджено склад ресурсів мисливських господарств України та аспекти їх формування на сучасному етапі. Проведено аналіз динаміки обсягів, складу та структури мисливських угідь, кількості та розмірів мисливських господарств, чисельності, складу та структури персоналу мисливських господарств, кількості, складу та структури мисливських тварин. Встановлені відмінності в ресурсному забезпеченні мисливських господарств в залежності від природно-кліматичних умов та воєнної агресії. Доведено необхідність удосконалення обліку мисливської фауни та удосконалення визначення мінімальної кількості єгерів. EN: Тask statement. The hunting industry is an important part of the state's national economy, as it plays one of the key roles in the use and preservation of natural resources and is a source of financial income for the state and regional budgets. However, at the current stage of the development of the economy of Ukraine, the hunting industry faces many problems of resource provision, which can affect the reduction of the industry's potential. Therefore, the analysis of the available resources for hunting farms in Ukraine is of practical importance, which will make it possible to identify the main problems that slow down the development of the industry, and to outline possible ways to solve them. Research results. The hunting industry of Ukraine has natural, geographical, and climatic conditions for successful development. However, during the studied period, there is a decrease in the area of hunting grounds, mainly in the Steppe due to the occupation of the territory by Russia. Among the forms of management in the hunting industry, public organizations of the Ukrainian Society of Hunters and Fishermen and enterprises of the State Forest Resources Agency predominate, however, the number and specific weight of land use by enterprises of other forms of ownership is increasing. As a result, the total number of hunting farms increases and their average size decreases, which will gradually shape their optimal land use. In general, the personnel structure of hunting farms remained almost unchanged, which indicates the possibility of stable operation of hunting farms. However, the number of workers in hunting farms in the Steppe decreased, especially hunters, and in the Forest Steppe and Polissia, it increased. As a result, the actual number of hunters in the Forest Steppe and Polissia farms exceeds the minimum required, and in the Steppe, there is a shortage of hunters. The analysis of the dynamics of the number of hunting animals shows that the number of fur animals in the hunting farms of Ukraine tends to constantly decrease, and the population of ungulates gradually increased after a decrease in the early 2000s, but in 2011-2015 it decreased. The structure and density of the population of hunting animals differ by natural and climatic zones, which objectively forms differences in the organization and effectiveness of hunting farms/ The load of hunting animals per hunter differs in natural and climatic zones and has quantitative and structural differences, as well as differences in dynamics. The higher load per hunter in the Steppe is due to the relatively higher density of fur animals and feathered game and the lower availability of hunter vacancies The minimum number of hunters should be determined taking into account the density of hunting animals, and not only by the area of land use. An effective way to increase the number of hunting species of animals is the creation of aviary farms, which in a limited area have significant advantages over free breeding, however, such resource capabilities of hunting farms have been significantly reduced due to the occupation of territories. Conclusion. The negative trends in the development of the resources of hunting farms actualize the search for ways to increase the efficiency of their functioning, in particular, based on a comprehensive analysis of indicators of the activity of hunting farms in Ukraine.