Просторові інституційні пастки зовнішньої торгівлі України послугами у сфері подорожей

Abstract

UA: В статті емпіричним шляхом виявляються інституційні пастки України у зовнішній торгівлі послугами у сфері подорожей, які мають усталений характер і певною мірою формують просторову орієнтацію вітчизняного підприємництва у сфері міжнародного туризму. Методика дослідження ґрунтується на порівняльному аналізі інтенсивності внутрішньогалузевої торгівлі України з країнами СНД та іншими країнами світу у даній сфері та оцінці рівня виявлених конкурентних переваг. EN: The National Development Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030 defines the main task for the hospitality industry as the disclosure of its tourism potential. In this regard, the analysis of the current state of travel and tourism and the identification of obstacles to its innovative progress is relevant and appropriate. The aim of this study is to identify spatial institutional traps in the Travel and Tourism (T&T) sector. Research results. The T&T sphere expands the concept of spatial development beyond the national borders of the country. Therefore, to assess its effectiveness, the index of intensity of intra-industry trade and the index of identified competitive advantages in foreign trade were chosen. The first institutional trap for Ukraine is the establishment of economic ties with the countries of the post-Soviet space. Such inefficiencies are becoming the norm through the strategy of tourism entities to minimize transformation costs. The second institutional trap is the trap of short-term strategies, where investors refrain from financing projects with significant transportation and construction costs to obtain current benefits. This behaviour reduces the production capacity of the T&T sector and hinders the realization of sustainable development goals through tourism projects with environmental measures. The third investment trap is a deviation from the strategic goal. It was identified on the basis of the analysis of the index of identified competitive advantages in foreign trade. The analysis showed that Ukraine's strategic goal of implementing the European vector of development in foreign trade in T&T services has not been achieved. The RSA index in trade with the European Union is negative and tends to decrease. Conclusions. Since institutional traps have a high capacity for self-reproduction, there is a need to consolidate the forces of the state, local governments, NGOs to counter their powerful influence on the tourism sector of Ukraine.