Вплив регуляторів росту та активних штамів ризобій на пігментний комплекс та продуктивність гороху посівного (Pisum sativum L.)

Abstract

UK: Досліджено вплив регуляторів росту рослин і активних штамів ризобій на пігментний комплекс і продуктивність гороху посівного (Pisum sativum L.). Встановлено, що використання регуляторів росту (АКМ, гумаксид) і біопрепарату (ризобофіт) для передпосівної обробки насіння і вегетуючих рослин позитивно впливає на вміст, співвідношення і продуктивність пластидних пігментів, ступень оксидантного стресу та продуктивність фотосинтезу в листі гороху посівного. Исследовано влияние регуляторов роста растений и активных штаммов ризобий на пигментный комплекс и продуктивность гороха посевного (Pisum sativum L.). RU: Установлено, что использование регуляторов роста (АМК, гумаксид) и биопрепарата (ризобофит) для предпосевной обработки семян и вегетирующих растений положительно влияет на содержание, соотношение и продуктивность пластидных пигментов, степень оксидативного стресса и продуктивность фотосинтеза в листьях гороха посевного. EN: Inoculation of seeds by active strains of rhizobium and application of growth regulators on seeds and vegetating plants are effective influence factors on legume crops productivity. Results of studying physiological mechanisms of growth regulator activity justifies for stimulation of leaf photosynthetic activity by them via formation of optimal leaf area, provision of maximum photosynthetic potential of crop and increase of plastid pigments. Influence of rhizobium active strains on pigment complex of legume plants is studied insufficiently, and their combinations with growth regulators were studied mostly on the background of biotic and chemical stresses. The goal of the research was to justify the influence of different combinations of Rhizobofit and growth regulators (AKM, Gumaxide) on content, ratio, and productivity of plastid pigments in the leaves of peas (Pisum sativum L.) with cultivation in conditions of insufficient humidification of the Southern Steppe zone of Ukraine. The research was conducted on the research field of the Scientific Research Institute of Agrotechnology and Ecology of Tavria State Agrotechnological University during 2012-2014. Hlians variety of pea seeds was used in the field experiment (Reproduction1). The seeds were sprayed by solutions of AKM (0.3 t/l), Gumaxide growth regulators (0.3 l/t) separately and in combination with microbe Rhizobofit preparation (0.5 l/t) calculated for 20 liters of solution for 1 t of seeds. The seeds were sown on research areas of 5 m2 each, set by the method of partial randomization. Water was used in control variant. Foliar spraying of plants was done in the phase of 2-3 stipules and 5-6 stipules calculated for 300 l/ha. Repeatability of variants in the experiment was six-fold. Content and ratio of plastid pigments, rate of oxidative stress, mass of dry matter, stipule area, and net photosynthesis productivity were determined using the standard methods.It was determined that the highest stimulating influence on the pigment fund was shown by pre-sowing seed treatment and treatment of vegetating plants by Gumaxide and AKM growth regulators, which in turn lead to increase of plastid pigments content by 15-18% compared to the control in case of Gumaxide application, and the of chlorophyll index Anti-stress effect of AKM growth regulator on pea plants is justified by significant decrease of peroxide processes intensity and is agreed with the changes in composition of plastid pigments. Application of Gumaxide and AKM for seed inlaying and foliar treatments of pea plants leads to increase of chlorophyll productivity by 16 and 13%, respectively to the control, however application of bacterization of pea seeds combined with growth regulators provided much more stable effect. The strong correlation between chlorophyll productivity and net photosynthesis productivity (NPP) was determined at r=0.92-0.98 on all stages of peas development and between NPP and chlorophyll content (r=0.83) – during the intensive plant growth.