Enrichment of field crops biodiversity in conditions of climate changing

Abstract

Gradual introduction into the culture of new species requires introduction of appropriate technologies of their cultivation, with taking into account varietal characteristics, species adaptation to the conditions of cultivation, analysis of yield and quality formation characteristics, taking into account content of biologically valuable components, depending on technological factors and environmental factors. The dynamics of the weather changes in the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine during the period is analyzed 2004-2017. The analysis of weather conditions showed a tendency the air temperature increasing and decrease of rainfall amount during period of spring crops vegetation compare with the average annual data. Weather conditions had their own peculiarities, sometimes they were extreme, which adversely affected on growth, development and productivity of plants was noted a tendency of increasing amount of active and effective temperatures during the growing season, what necessitates expansion of field crops biodiversity, especially spring crops. Identified cultures: lentil (Lens culinaris), chick-pea (Cicer arietinum), chufa (Camelina sativa); triticale (Triticale); millet (Panicum miliaceum); sorghum (Sorghum bicolor); white mustard (Sinapis alba); brown mustard (Brassica juncea); coriander (Coriandrum sativum) that, due to biological and technological characteristics, are suitable for introduction into production. Installation of the elements of adaptive technologies for the cultivation of scarce field crops. Developed elements of adaptive cultivating technology for species, introducted into the field culture, contribute to reducing the influence of uncontrolled factors on productivity formation, the role of species increasing, sustainable development of formed agrocenoses, improving the quality of raw materials and food safety. Analysis of weather conditions and the correspondence of biological characteristics of rare cultures in Ukraine have allowed distinguish cultures that have high production efficiency.