Формування науково-дослідницької компетентності при навчанні фізики на засадах STEM-освіти

Abstract

UK: У статті сформульовано теоретико-методичні положення компетентнісної моделі STEMнавчання фізики. Визначено проектну діяльність як ефективний засіб формування науково-дослідницької компетентності. Сформульовано основні вимоги до організації STEM-навчання фізики, зорієнтованого на формування науково-дослідницької компетентності засобами проектної діяльності. Подано етапи формування науково-дослідницької компетентності засобами проектної діяльності. EN: The theoretical and methodological provisions of the competence-based model of STEMteaching physics are formulated in the article. These are fundamentally new goal-setting in the pedagogical process; project-oriented, problem-oriented and practice-oriented approaches to the organization of the educational process; the creation of integrative courses (interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary) with the use of mathematical knowledge and scientific concepts; the formation of STEM-competencies; definition and evaluation of learning outcomes through main and subject competence in physics; the introduction of end-to-LEARNING, competence-oriented forms and methods of training, system-activity approach; introduction of innovative, gamebased learning technologies, case-study technologies, interactive methods of group learning, problematic methods for the development of critical and systemic thinking, etc.; creation of pedagogical conditions for obtaining effective individual experience of project activities and development of startups. It is determined that scientific and research competence in the process of teaching physics on the basis of STEM-education is the ability of pupils to carry out project and research activities, aimed at solving specificpractical and theoretical tasks. Project activity is considered as an effective means of forming scientific research competence. The basic requirements for the organization of STEM- teaching physics, focused on the formation of scientific research competence by means of project activity are formulated. The stages of formation of scientific research competence by means of the project activity are presented: search, organizational, analytical, technological, presentation, control and evaluation. It is proved that the formation of NDC on the basis of STEM-education involves acquiring pupils the functional study skills as a universal way of mastering reality, developing the ability to research type of thinking, activating the pupil's personal position in the educational process, based on the acquisition of subjectively new knowledge.